Learn GDScript in 30 Minutes: The Only Tutorial You Need

# Basic variables
var health = 100
var player_name = "Hero"
var speed = 5.5
var is_alive = true

# With type hints (recommended)
var health: int = 100
var player_name: String = "Hero"
var speed: float = 5.5
var is_alive: bool = true

# Constants use UPPER_CASE by convention
const MAX_HEALTH = 100
const GRAVITY = 980.0
const GAME_TITLE = "My Awesome Game"

var damage = 25
var defense = 10
var actual_damage = damage - defense  # 15

var base_speed = 100
var boost = 1.5
var boosted_speed = base_speed * boost  # 150.0

# Useful shortcuts
health -= 20  # Same as: health = health - 20
score += 100  # Same as: score = score + 100

if health <= 0:
    print("Game Over!")
elif health < 30:
    print("Low health warning!")
else:
    print("Health is fine")

# You can combine conditions
if is_alive and health > 0:
    print("Player is active")

if has_key or is_admin:
    print("Door opens")

# These all return true or false
health == 100    # Equals
health != 0      # Not equals
health > 50      # Greater than
health < 30      # Less than
health >= 100    # Greater or equal
health <= 0      # Less or equal

# Count from 0 to 4
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # Prints: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# Loop through a list
var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

# Spawn 10 enemies
for i in range(10):
    spawn_enemy()

var countdown = 10
while countdown > 0:
    print(countdown)
    countdown -= 1
print("Blast off!")

# Basic function
func say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

# Function with parameters
func greet(name):
    print("Hello, " + name + "!")

# Function that returns a value
func add(a, b):
    return a + b

# Function with typed parameters (recommended)
func take_damage(amount: int) -> void:
    health -= amount
    if health <= 0:
        die()

# Using functions
say_hello()           # Prints: Hello!
greet("Player")       # Prints: Hello, Player!
var sum = add(5, 3)   # sum is now 8

extends CharacterBody2D  # What type of node this script is for

# Variables go here
var health: int = 100
var speed: float = 200.0

# Called when the node enters the scene
func _ready():
    print("I'm alive!")

# Called every frame (~60 times per second)
func _process(delta):
    # delta is time since last frame
    # Use it for smooth movement
    pass

# Called at fixed intervals (for physics)
func _physics_process(delta):
    # Use this for movement and collisions
    pass

func _process(delta):
    # Check if a key is held down
    if Input.is_action_pressed("move_right"):
        position.x += speed * delta

    # Check if a key was just pressed (once)
    if Input.is_action_just_pressed("jump"):
        jump()

    # Get axis input (-1, 0, or 1)
    var direction = Input.get_axis("move_left", "move_right")
    position.x += direction * speed * delta

# These appear in the Godot Inspector!
@export var speed: float = 200.0
@export var jump_force: float = 400.0
@export var max_health: int = 100

# You can add categories
@export_category("Movement")
@export var acceleration: float = 50.0
@export var friction: float = 30.0

@export_category("Combat")
@export var damage: int = 10
@export var attack_cooldown: float = 0.5

# Get references to child nodes
@onready var sprite = $Sprite2D
@onready var animation_player = $AnimationPlayer
@onready var collision = $CollisionShape2D

# Use them in your code
func die():
    animation_player.play("death")
    collision.disabled = true

# Define your own signal
signal health_changed(new_health)
signal died

# Emit signals when things happen
func take_damage(amount: int):
    health -= amount
    health_changed.emit(health)  # Tell everyone health changed

    if health <= 0:
        died.emit()  # Tell everyone we died

# Connect to signals (in another script)
func _ready():
    player.health_changed.connect(_on_health_changed)
    player.died.connect(_on_player_died)

func _on_health_changed(new_health):
    health_bar.value = new_health

func _on_player_died():
    show_game_over_screen()

extends CharacterBody2D

@export var speed: float = 200.0
@export var jump_force: float = -400.0
@export var gravity: float = 980.0

func _physics_process(delta):
    # Apply gravity
    if not is_on_floor():
        velocity.y += gravity * delta

    # Jump
    if Input.is_action_just_pressed("jump") and is_on_floor():
        velocity.y = jump_force

    # Horizontal movement
    var direction = Input.get_axis("move_left", "move_right")
    velocity.x = direction * speed

    # Apply movement
    move_and_slide()

# Load the scene you want to spawn
@export var bullet_scene: PackedScene

func shoot():
    # Create an instance
    var bullet = bullet_scene.instantiate()

    # Set its position
    bullet.position = position
    bullet.rotation = rotation

    # Add it to the game
    get_parent().add_child(bullet)

var can_shoot: bool = true

func _process(delta):
    if Input.is_action_just_pressed("shoot") and can_shoot:
        shoot()
        can_shoot = false

        # Wait 0.5 seconds, then allow shooting again
        await get_tree().create_timer(0.5).timeout
        can_shoot = true

# Variables
var x = 10                    # Dynamic type
var x: int = 10               # Typed
const X = 10                  # Constant
@export var x: int = 10       # Editable in Inspector
@onready var x = $Node        # Get node reference

# Functions
func name():                  # Basic function
func name(arg: int):          # With parameter
func name() -> int:           # Returns a value

# Lifecycle
func _ready():                # Called once when ready
func _process(delta):         # Called every frame
func _physics_process(delta): # Called for physics

# Input
Input.is_action_pressed("x")      # Is held down?
Input.is_action_just_pressed("x") # Just pressed?
Input.get_axis("left", "right")   # Returns -1, 0, or 1

# Signals
signal my_signal               # Define
my_signal.emit()              # Send
obj.my_signal.connect(func)   # Listen

# Common operations
position.x += 10              # Move right
rotation_degrees += 45        # Rotate
scale *= 2                    # Double size
queue_free()                  # Delete this node